![]() ![]() The legal basis of the Concert of Europe was established in the S… Russo-turkish Wars, Russo-Turkish Wars European governments through the eighteenth century conducted international diplomacy with each other largely by means of amateur diplomat… Concert Of Europe, europe's new order Hi… Eastern Question, A concept coined in the initial stage of the Greek War of Independence (1821–1829) to describe the territorial effect of the political decline of the… International Relations, Diplomats. When Soviet leaders found it necessary to use military force to put down revolts in Hungary in 1956 and in Czechoslovakia in 1968, for example, they presented the action as being carried out by the Warsaw Pact rather than by the USSR alone.World War I, World War I (1914–1918), known as “The Great War” at the time, marked a profound political, economic, and social shift in international relations. The alliance provided a mechanism for the Soviets to exercise even tighter control over the other Communist states in Eastern Europe and deter pact members from seeking greater autonomy. There was also an internal security component to the agreement that proved useful to the USSR. Like NATO, the Warsaw Pact focused on the objective of creating a coordinated defense among its member nations in order to deter an enemy attack. This lineup remained constant until the Cold War ended with the dismantling of all the Communist governments in Eastern Europe in 19. Joining the USSR in the alliance were Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), Hungary, Poland and Romania. West Germany formally joined NATO on May 5, 1955, and the Warsaw Pact was signed less than two weeks later, on May 14. The Soviets warned that such a provocative action would force them to make new security arrangements in their own sphere of influence, and they were true to their word. and a number of other NATO members began to advocate making West Germany part of the alliance and allowing it to form an army under tight restrictions. In the aftermath of World War I and World War II, Soviet leaders felt very apprehensive about Germany once again becoming a military power-a concern that was shared by many European nations on both sides of the Cold War divide. It was more directly inspired by the rearming of West Germany and its admission into NATO in 1955. The formation of the Warsaw Pact was in some ways a response to the creation of NATO, although it did not occur until six years after the Western alliance came into being. Unhappy with its role in the organization, France opted to withdraw from military participation in NATO in 1966 and did not return until 1995. Greece and Turkey were admitted in 1952, the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) in 1955 and Spain in 1982. NATO formed the backbone of the West’s military bulwark against the USSR and its allies for the next 40 years, with its membership growing larger over the course of the Cold War era. The original membership of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) consisted of Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and the United States. had formally tied its security to that of nations in Europe-the continent that had served as the flash point for both world wars. For the first time since the 1700s, the U.S. ![]() Secretary of State Dean Acheson (1893-1971) put his signature on the document, it reflected an important change in American foreign policy. It was primarily a security pact, with Article 5 stating that a military attack against any of the signatories would be considered an attack against them all. The discussions between the Western nations concluded on April 4, 1949, when the foreign ministers of 12 countries in North America and Western Europe gathered in Washington, D.C., to sign the North Atlantic Treaty. That development was not well received by leaders of the Russian Federation and became a source of post-Cold War tension between the East and the West. ![]() The process gained new urgency in June of that year, when the USSR cut off ground access to Berlin, forcing the U.S., Britain and France to airlift supplies to their sectors of the German city, which had been partitioned between the Western Allies and the Soviets following World War II.ĭid you know? NATO continued its existence beyond the Cold War era and gained new member nations in Eastern Europe during the late 1990s. leaders agreed to join discussions aimed at forming a joint security agreement with their European allies. In February 1948, a coup sponsored by the Soviet Union overthrew the democratic government of Czechoslovakia and brought that nation firmly into the Communist camp. Events of the following year prompted American leaders to adopt a more militaristic stance toward the Soviets. ![]()
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